目录
摘要I
关键词I
AbstractⅡ
引言
前言 1
1 材料与方法2
1.1材料2
1.2 实验方法3
1.3 数据分析3
2 结果与分析3
2.1 首次选择对象3
2.2选择用时4
2.3 取食用时5
2.4 取食猎物重量6
3讨论7
致谢10
参考文献10
蠋蝽对异色瓢虫蛹的捕食选择性研究
摘要
蠋蝽对害虫和其他天敌的捕食选择性可能影响其对害虫的控制作用｡为明确蠋蝽对异色瓢虫蛹是否有取食偏好，选取蠋蝽3、5龄若虫和成虫进行取食选择性测定｡采用双选实验设计，提供黏虫幼虫和异色瓢虫蛹供蠋蝽选择，观察蠋蝽的首次选择对象、选择用时、取食用时和取食量｡对这些观测变量的分析结果表明，蠋蝽成虫的首次选择对象更倾向于选择黏虫，而3龄及5龄若虫的首次选择在两种猎物间未表现出明显的偏好。选择用时在猎物对象间无显著差异；而成虫做出选择需32.83 ± 15 min，长于3龄（13 ± 1 min）和5龄（15.93 ± 3 min）若虫所需时间。综合蠋蝽取食猎物用时与猎物体重的捕食效率看，蠋蝽成虫的取食效率要显著高于3龄及5龄若虫，对异色瓢虫蛹的取食效率显著低于对黏虫幼虫的取食｡研究结果说明，蠋蝽在黏虫幼虫与异色瓢虫蛹之间没有明显的捕食偏好｡
PREDATION SELECTION FOR THE HARLEQUIN LADYBIRD BEETLE HARMONIA AXYRIDIS IN ARMA CHINENSIS
ABSTRACT
Selection between a herbivorous pest and another predator by the predatory stinkbug Arma chinensis has consequences on the latter at play in biological control of the herbivore pest. This study aimed to de *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: *351916072* 
termine the preference of the stinkbug for Harmonia axyridis pupae. The 3rd and 5th nymphs and adults of A. chinensis were tested for the preference. A dualchoice experimental design was applied with Mythimna separata caterpillars and H. axyridis pupae exposed to choice by A. chinensis. The behaviors in the choice were observed, including selection period, feeding period, and body weight of the prey consumed. The results of analysis of these observed variables showed that the A. chinensis adults preferred to attack for the first time the caterpillar over the ladybird beetle pupa, while the 3rd and 5th nymphs did not show obvious preferences between the two prey insects. The selection period of A. chinensis did not differ for the two prey insects, yet was longer by adults (32.83 ± 15min) than by the 3rd (13 ± 1 min) or 5th (15.93 ± 3 min) nymphs. In terms of the feeding efficiency, combining feeding time and body weight of the prey consumed, adult stinkbugs was significantly higher than the 3rd or 5th instar nymphs, and for predation of the caterpillar than of the harlequin ladybird beetle pupa. The results from this study suggest that A. chinensis may not have a predation preference between H. axyridis pupae and M. separata larvae.
KEY WORDS: Predatory bugs; ladybird beetle; prey selection; intraguild predation; biological control
高斯假说（Gause hypothesis）认为, 生态需求相同(食物、利用资源的方式相同)的两个物种不能长期共存，即生态位相同的两个种不能永久共存，将发生竞争排斥作用[1]。昆虫群落中的竞争主要指种间竞争（interspecific competition），即两个或两个以上物种共同利用同一资源而受到的相互干扰或抑制[2]，如: 物种间的集团内捕食（Intraguild predation）。集团内捕食现象普遍存在于多种类型的群落中，可能对群落中相关物种的种群动态和害虫的生物防治效果产生影响[3]。在生物防治应用日益广泛的当下，释放多种天敌防治害虫是生物防治的一种重要方法[4] 。而多种天敌在同一生境中存在的几率大大增加，天敌之间发生集团内捕食的概率增大，也会影响多种天敌协同防治的效果。捕食性蝽是十分重要的天敌昆虫，目前关于捕食性蝽与其他天敌昆虫的集团内捕食作用研究还鲜有报道。故本实验以捕食性蝽蠋蝽Arma chinensis (Fallou) 与异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis Pallas为研究对象，探究蠋蝽对异色瓢虫蛹有无明显的捕食偏好，以此评估当蠋蝽与异色瓢虫蛹在处于同一生境时，两者之间集团内捕食作用可能发生的强度，为探讨两种天敌昆虫共存时，集团内捕食作用对协同防治产生的影响大小提供参考。

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