目录
摘要ІІ
关键词.ІІ
Abstract.....ІІІ
引言
引言
1材料与方法1
1.1材料 1
1.2方法1
1.2.1试验方法1
1.2.2数据分析方法1
2结果1
2.1产卵前期2
2.2总产卵量2
2.3 子代蜂出蜂数4
2.4子代蜂雌性体型大小5
3讨论7
致谢7
参考文献8
管氏肿腿蜂亲缘关系和竞争对母蜂产卵和子代发育的影响
摘 要
近年来，对管氏肿腿蜂生物学以及防治应用的研究很多，但罕有对肿腿蜂亲缘关系和竞争如何影响母蜂产卵和子代发育的研究。为深入认识管氏肿腿蜂社会性行为的进化提供实证依据，本论文针对管氏肿腿蜂母蜂在产卵前期遭遇竞争者及其与其亲缘关系这两个因素，观察其对产卵和发育情况的影响。具体设置5个处理：2头同胞蜂、2头非同胞蜂、3头同胞蜂、3头非同胞蜂和单头蜂（无竞争对照）；观测母蜂产卵前期、总产卵量、子代蜂出蜂数和子代雌蜂体型大小等产卵和发育表现。分析发现，母蜂间亲缘关系对雌蜂的产卵前期、产卵量以及子代发育表现均无显著影响；竞争下产卵前期缩短；产卵量越少，子代蜂适合度越低。研究结果说明，亲缘关系不影响母蜂的产卵决策，但竞争可能有影响。
THE INFLUENCE OF KINSHIPANDCOMPETITIONBETWEENFOUNDRESSES ONOVIPOSITION ANDOFFSPRING DEVELOPMENTAL PERFORMANCES IN SCLERODERMUS GUANI
ABSTRACT
Numerous studies have been made on the biology of Sclerodermusguaniin support ofbiological controlof forest pests by massproduction and release of this parasitoid, coming up with considerablea *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: ￥351916072￥ 
dvances on host range,development, and parasitism. However, less research attention has been paid to reproductive strategy of S.guani.This thesis research focused on kinship and competition between foundressesat play in affecting reproductive performances,so as to provide empirical evidence for the understanding of social evolution ofS.guani.In this study,the number of foundresses and genetic relationship between foundresses were tested as potential factors at five treatment levels: two sibling foundress,two nonsibling foundress,three sibling foundress,three nonsibling foundress, and one foundress (without the competition as the control).Under these treatments following variables were measured: preoviposition time,clutch size(the number of eggs laid on one host),and developmental performances. The main results obtained from this research showed that genetic relationship between foundressesdid notaffect preoviposition time,clutch size, and fitnesscorrelated developmental performances of their offspring.Preovipositiontime was truncated with more foundresses under competition.Fitnesscorrelated developmental performances of offspring parasitoids became worse with fewer eggs deposited. The results suggest that kinship between foundresses is not influential but competition may be at play.
KEY WORDS：Sclerodermus; parasitoids; kinship; oviposition; brood care; quasisocial behavior
管氏肿腿蜂（Sclerodermusguani Xiao et Wu）隶属于膜翅目（Hymenoptera）肿腿蜂科（Bethylidae）硬皮肿腿蜂属（Sclerodermus）。管氏肿腿蜂所具有的寄主范围广、林木钻蛀与寄生能力强、扩散速度快、可大规模人工繁殖等特点，使得该寄生蜂在我国林木蛀干害虫的生物防治方面应用广泛，是钻蛀性林木害虫（天牛、吉丁虫、小蠹虫等）幼虫和蛹的重要天敌昆虫，在这些昆虫体上营外寄生。管氏肿腿蜂在国内可用来防治青杨天牛（Saperdapopulnea）、咖啡灭字脊虎天牛（XylotrechusquadripesChevrolat）、桃红颈天牛（Aromiabungii）、栗山天牛（Massicusraddei）、粗鞘双条杉天牛（Semanotussinoauster）、松墨天牛（Monochamus alternates）等（田子华，2013；刘薇，2014；张路伟，2015；杨文波等，2017；朱诚棋等，2017；Golec.et al.，2018；韩明利，2019）；松墨天牛发生地区广，是传播松材线虫的媒介昆虫，有较高的传播效率（洪国朋，2011；邓礼，2014）。管氏肿腿蜂除对林木害虫有防治效果，在药用植物、居室建筑木材和经济作物等方面的害虫防治中也有应用（王锡信等，2001；程惠珍等，2003；彭永旭，2010；顾军，2010）。国外对管氏肿腿蜂的研究未见相关报道，但有关肿腿蜂科这个类群有较多研究，如：墨西哥应用肿腿蜂防治咖啡上的鞘翅目害虫小蠹（Hardyet al.，2010；Skvarla，2018）。管氏肿腿蜂除了可作为天敌昆虫直接控制害虫虫体外，也可应用于植物病害方面的防治中，如防治以钻蛀性害虫松墨天牛为传播媒介的松材线虫病（周冰颖，2018；周娴等，2018）。

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