目录
摘要II
关键词II
AbstractIII
引言
引言1
1 材料与方法1
1.1 标本来源1
1.2 标本采集和处理1
1.3 标本的鉴定和描述2
1.4 蜘蛛分类方法2
2 结果与分析2
2.1 稻田蜘蛛外部形态2
2.2 常见稻田蜘蛛特征及生活习性3
2.2.1 草间小黑蛛3
2.2.2 拟环纹豹蛛4
2.2.3 大腹园蛛5
2.2.4 八斑球腹蛛5
2.2.5 黄褐新园蛛6
2.2.6 三突花蛛7
2.2.7 直伸肖蛸7
2.2.8 爪哇肖蛸8
2.2.9 条纹蝇虎9
2.2.10 黑色蝇虎10
2.2.11 沟渠豹蛛10
3 讨论11
3.1 鉴别方法的探讨11
3.2 稻田蜘蛛概念的探讨11
3.3 稻田蜘蛛保护方法的探讨12
3.4 本研究过程中遇到的问题12
致谢12
参考文献14
稻田常见蜘蛛的鉴别
摘 要
据湖北、湖南、浙江、江苏等省调查，稻田蜘蛛的数量是稻田天敌数量的80%。分布在稻株中上部的圆蛛、肖蛸科等能够通过结网捕捉各种害虫；游猎在稻株上中下部的蟹蛛、狼蛛、跳蛛科等能够捕捉有翅害虫的幼虫和卵。本课题为丰富稻田蜘蛛形态鉴别方面的研究，在大学和白马基地试验田，通过扫网法、扣捕法采集在稻田环境里的蜘蛛。将采集到稻田蜘蛛制成标本进行鉴定，共鉴定出蜘蛛11种，隶属皿蛛科、狼蛛科、跳蛛科、蟹蛛科、肖蛸科、球腹蛛科、圆蛛科、园蛛科。分别为草间小黑蛛、沟渠豹蛛、拟环纹豹蛛、条纹蝇虎、黑色蝇虎、三突花蛛、直伸肖蛸、爪哇肖蛸、八斑球腹蛛、大腹园蛛、黄褐新园蛛。本课题对这11种常见的稻田蜘蛛进行鉴定，然后对各个种类的形态特征、生活习性进行整理描述。
IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON SPIDERS IN RICE FIELDS
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ABSTRACT
According to surveys in Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, rice spiders account for 80 percent of the natural enemies in rice fields. Distributed in the rice plant in the middle and upper part of the Araneidae, Tetragnathidae can catch a variety of pests through the net; The Thomisidae, Lycosidae and Salticidae in the upper, middle and lower part of the rice plant can catch the larvae and eggs of winged pests. This subject is to enrich the research of spider morphology identification in rice field. In the test field of Nanjing Agricultural University and Baima base, spiders in rice field environment are collected by sweeping the net and buckle capture. A total of 11 species of spiders were identified, which belonged to Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Salticidae, Thomisidae, Tetragnathidae， Theridiidae, Araneidae, Aranea. The species were Hylyphantes graminicola, Pardosa laura Karsch, Pardosa pseudoannulata, Plexippus setipet Karsch, Plexippus paykulli, Ebrechtella tricuspidata, Tetragnatha extensa, Tetragnatha jwvana, Theridion octomaculatum, Araneus ventricosus, Neoscone doenitzi. In this paper, the 11 common rice paddy spiders were identified, and then the morphological characteristics and life habits of each species were summarized and described.
KEY WORDS: Rice paddy spider; morphological characteristics; identify农业天敌识别是农田有害生物防治过程中不可或缺的一部分。保护好稻田天敌，促进稻田天敌群落的形成，就能发挥生物防治的优点，对于防治稻田害虫起着不可替代的作用。准确而快速的物种识别是稻田天敌保护和利用的前提和基础。基于外观的形态识别的方法能让我们快速地识别常见的稻田天敌。稻田蜘蛛是稻田里最常见的优势性害虫天敌[1]，它们可以捕食稻田多种害虫[2]，在动物分类学上，它们归为节肢类、蛛形纲、蜘蛛目。稻田蜘蛛种类非常庞大，并且具有适应性强、繁殖力高、分布广的特点。据统计，全世界稻田蜘蛛种类超过5000种[3]，我国记录稻田蜘蛛种类就有370多种[4]。蜘蛛体型大小不一，体型最大的有7厘米，小的只有0.1厘米左右。它们形态各异，有如同蚂蚁、瓢虫、有如同绿豆、枝芽，也有当所处的环境不同，其体色也会发生改变。形态各异、数目庞大的蜘蛛是稻田里不可或缺的害虫天敌。

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