目录
摘要Ⅰ
关键词Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
引言
引言1
1 材料与方法4
1.1 供试虫源4
1.1.1 扶桑绵粉蚧4
1.1.2 班氏跳小蜂4
1.1.3 异色瓢虫4
1.2 试验方法4
1.3 试验数据分析5
2 结果分析6
2.1 捕食者存在及寄主密度对班氏跳小蜂斑块内刺扎次数的影响6
2.2 捕食者存在及寄主密度对班氏跳小蜂斑块内触碰寄主次数的影响7 2.3 捕食者存在及寄主密度对班氏跳小蜂离开次数的影响8
2.4 捕食者存在及寄主密度对班氏跳小蜂斑块内放弃寄主数的影响9 2.5 捕食者存在及寄主密度对班氏跳小蜂斑块驻留时间的影响10
3 讨论11
3.1 寄主密度的影响11
3.2 捕食者存在的影响12
3.3 捕食者存在与寄主密度互作的影响13
致谢14
参考文献15
寄主密度和捕食者存在对班氏跳小蜂搜寻行为的影响
摘 要
植食性昆虫在自然界的空间分布往往呈现不连续的、不均匀的且大小不一的斑块状，而且受多种生物因素的影响，这给寄生蜂的搜寻行为造成重大的自然选择压力，从而演化出高效的搜寻行为策略。搜寻行为的基本原理是最优搜寻策略—以最小的能量投入获得最大的生殖利益回报。寄主密度是决定寄主斑块质量的关键因素；但捕食风险可能阻止寄生蜂实现其最大收益。班氏跳小蜂（Aenasius bambawalei）作为扶桑绵粉蚧（Phenacoccus solenopsis）的优势天敌，在生物防治方面起到了重要的作用。本研究旨在明确寄主密度和捕食风险因素如何影响班氏跳小蜂的搜寻行为。通过观察记录班氏跳小蜂在由1028头扶桑绵粉蚧形成的稳定斑块内的刺扎、触碰寄主等行为获取寄主密度对于其搜寻行为的影响；再引入饥饿处理过的异色瓢虫作为捕食者再进行观察。研究结果说明，寄主密度显著影响班氏跳小蜂的触碰寄主次数和放弃寄主数，并且随着触碰寄主次数的增加，斑块驻留时间逐渐延长；捕食者的存在显著影响寄生蜂的暂时离开斑块次数和刺扎 *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: ￥351916072￥ 
寄主次数，可缩短斑块驻留时间；而且，寄主密度和捕食者存在对其斑块驻留时间有显著的互作影响。
FORAGING BEHAVIORS IN RESPONSE TO HOST DENSITY AND PREDATION RISK IN THE PARASITOID AENASIUS BAMBAWALEI HAYAT
ABSTRACT
Herbivorous insects occur in discrete patches. They deal with not only abiotic but biotic factors in adaptation to environmental circumstances. Under such selection pressures, parasitoids have evolved with an optimal foraging strategy (OFS) – obtaining maximum reproductive benefits with minimum energy input. OFS predicts that host density is a key factor for foraging parasitoids to determine patch quality, yet the predation risk may compromise the parasitoids to make otherwise optimal decisions. Here, Aenasius bambawalei and its host mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis is an ideal parasitoidhost model to study OFS. Specifically, this study investigated how A. bambawalei made foraging decisions in response to host density and predation risk by the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis. The results showed that host density significantly affected the number of antennal tapping and the number of givenup hosts by female A. bambawalei. The resident time on patches was prolonged with the number of tapping. The presence of predators significantly affected the number of times female A. bambawalei temporarily left the patch and stinging, as well as shortened the resident time on the patch. Host density and predator’s presence can interacted to have an effect on foraging behavioral decisions by A. bambawalei.

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