目录
摘要II
关键词II
AbstractIII
引言
1 荧光探针概述1
1.1 荧光基本原理1
1.2 荧光探针1
1.3 荧光探针设计机制2
1.3.1 分子内电荷转移2
1.3.2 扭曲的分子内电荷转移2
1.3.3 荧光共振能量转移3
1.3.4 聚集诱导发光3
1.4 荧光探针的发展现状3
1.4.1 以黄酮类化合物为平台的线粒体荧光探针3
1.4.2 以苄唑为平台的线粒体荧光探针3
1.4.3 以萘酰亚胺为平台的线粒体荧光探针4
1.4.4 以菁染料为平台的线粒体荧光探针5
1.4.5 其他类型的线粒体荧光探针6
1.5 线粒体功能和粘性之间的关系10
1.6 花菁染料概述10
2 化合物的制备与表征11
2.1 目标产物的设计合成11
2.1.1 探针的设计 11
2.1.2 主要试剂和仪器 11
2.1.3 化合物的制备与处理11
2.2 探针的光谱性能 12
2.2.1 探针的紫外可见吸收光谱12
2.2.2 不同粘性溶液中探针的荧光测试13
3 总结与展望15
致谢15
参考文献16
附录117用于检测线粒体粘性的半花菁类荧光探针的构建
摘 要
线粒体是一种存在于大多数细胞中的由两层膜包被的细胞器，是供给细胞能量的场所，是细胞的动力车间。许多疾病的发生往往伴随着线粒体粘性的异常，通过检测线粒体粘性的变化可以检测线粒体功能障碍的程度。所以，构建粘性荧光探针检测细胞内的线粒体粘性可以了解线粒体粘性变化与功能异常的关系。荧光探针具有很高的时空分辨率，被用于多种细胞及细胞器成像，但是多数荧光探针的Stokes位移比较小，荧光量子产率低，靶向性差等缺点限制了线粒体粘度的荧光成像分析。因此，开发具有靶向性好，背景信号小，粘度响应性好的线粒体粘度荧光探针成为亟待解决 *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: @351916072@ 
的问题。本文以3甲酰基吲哚核心骨架作为电子供体，分别以1,2,3,3四甲基吲哚碘盐和2,3二甲基苯并噻唑碘盐为电子受体部分构筑了半花菁类探针IVTMI和IVBT，电子受体部分和供体部分以双键相连，并可围绕双键自由旋转而失去分子骨架的刚性，在低粘性溶剂中易产生非辐射跃迁过程导致荧光的淬灭，而随着溶剂粘性增加，分子的旋转受到抑制，非辐射跃迁减弱，荧光量子产率增加，从而出现荧光增强的效果。同时，此类半花菁荧光探针由于分子具有一个正电荷，由于线粒体具有较高的膜电位，因此探针更加易于靶向线粒体，从而实现线粒体内部粘度的检测。
CONSTRUCTION OF HEMICYANINE FLUORESCENT PROBES FOR DETECTING MITOCHONDIRAL VISCOSITY
ABSTRACT
Mitochondria is a very important dynamic organelle in many organelles, known as the "power plant" of cells. Mitochondria play important roles in various biological processes. Abnormal mitochondrial viscosity is associated with many diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as cellular malignancies, diabetes and Alzheimers disease. The degree of mitochondrial dysfunction can be measured by detecting changes in mitochondrial viscosity. Therefore, in order to further understand the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and its viscous changes, imaging analysis of intracellular mitochondrial viscous by fluorescent probes is needed. Fluorescent probes have extremely high temporal and spatial resolution and are used for imaging a variety of cells and organelles, but the shortcomings of most fluorescent probes, such as small Stokes shifts, low fluorescence quantum yield and poor targeting, greatly limited the fluorescence imaging analysis of mitochondrial viscosity. Therefore, the development of fluorescent probes for mitochondrial viscosity with good targeting, small background signal and good viscosity responsiveness becomes an urgent problem. In this paper, the core skeleton of 3formylindole is used as the electron donor, and 1, 2, 3, 3tetramethylindole iodide salt and 2, 3dimethylbenzothiazole iodide salt are used as the electron acceptor. Constructed semicyanine probes IVTMI and IVBT. The electron acceptor part and the donor part are connected by a double bond, and can rotate freely around the double bond without losing the rigidity of the molecular skeleton. It is easy to produce a nonradiative transition process in a lowviscosity solvent, which leads to quenching of fluorescence, and as the solvent viscosity increases, The rotation of the molecule is suppressed, the nonradiative transition is weakened, and the fluorescence quantum yield is increased, resulting in an enhanced fluorescence effect. At the same time, because such molecules have a positive charge and the mitochondria have a higher membrane potential, the probes are more likely to target the mitochondria, so that the internal viscosity of the mitochondria can be detected.

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