目录
摘要II
关键词II
AbstractIII
引言
引言1
1材料与方法2
1.1材料2
1.2方法2
1.2.1辐射诱变2
1.2.2细胞学鉴定2
1.2.3核型分析3
2结果与分析3
2.1六倍体和八倍体小黑麦杂交F6株系16CXJ75染色体组成分析3
2.2 16CXJ75辐射M1植株染色体变异分析4
2.3 16CXJ75辐射M2植株染色体变异分析6
3 讨论13
致谢14
参考文献14
附录16
远缘杂交和电离辐射诱导小黑麦染色体变异研究
摘 要
小黑麦是由小麦和黑麦杂交而产生的禾本科新作物，具有营养价值高、生物量大、适应范围广和抗性强等特点，可以作为粮食、饲料和能源作物，具有重要的研究和应用潜力。但由于小黑麦涉及两个物种的基因组，存在较大的遗传不平衡性，从而导致其育性低、籽粒不饱满，产量有限，从而限制了其应用范围,同时也增加了研究难度和挑战。本文以八倍体与六倍体小黑麦远缘杂交获得的一个F6株系16CXJ75为材料，综合电离辐射诱导，对M1和M2代植株染色体组成进行了观察分析，结果表明，68个M1单株的412个细胞中发现70个细胞包含涉及黑麦变异染色体76条，电离辐射可以有效诱导小黑麦染色体变异。在164个M2单株中，除了都涉及6D代换6A外，其中139个单株还涉及其它小麦和黑麦染色体变异，涉及小黑麦全部基因组（R、A、B和D）。上述结果说明，电离辐射和远缘杂交结合可以加速次级小黑麦染色体变异，为小黑麦改良提供了参考。
CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS INDUCED BY DISTANT CROSS AND IRRADIATION IN TRITICALE
ABSTRACT
Triticale is a new cereal crop produced by the hybridization of wheat and rye. It has the characterist *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: ^351916072# 
ics of high nutritional value, large biomass, wide adaptability and strong resistance. It can be used as food, feed and energy crops and has important research and application potential. However, because triticale involves eight or six genomes from two species, it has a large genetic imbalance, and shows low fertility, unsatisfied grains and limited yield, which limits its application scope and increases research difficulty and challenges. In this paper, distant cross between octoploid and hexaploid triticale and ionizing radiation were used to induce chromosome variations of teriticale. Oligonucleotide multiplex FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH) combined with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) were used to identify the chromosome composition of an F6 line 16CXJ75 and its M1 and M2 plants. Among 412 root tip cells of 68 M1 plants, 70 cells were found with 76 various chromosome aberrations involving rye chromatin, this indicated that irradiation could effectively induce chromosome aberrations of triticale. Among 164 M2 plants, except the presence of DS6D(6A), 139 involved other wheat and rye chromosome variations, which occurred on all four genomes (A, B, D and R). This result indicated that combination use of ionizing radiation and distant hybridization can facilitate chromosome varaition of secondary triticale,which provide useful information and germplasm for improving of triticale.

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