目录
摘要Ⅱ
关键词Ⅱ
AbstractⅢ
引言
引言1
1 材料与方法2
1.1 试验地点 2
1.2 试验设计 2
1.2.1 试验材料 2
1.2.2 田间管理 2
1.2.3 试验指标及测定方法 3
1.2.4 试验数据处理与分析 3
2 结果与分析3
2.1 不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤理化性质的影响3
2.2 不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤酶活性的影响7
2.3 不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤细菌群落的影响9
3 讨论11
3.1 不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤理化性质的影响11
3.2 不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤酶活性的影响11
3.3 不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤细菌群落的影响11
4 结论12
致谢13
参考文献13
不同稻鸭共作模式对土壤理化性质、酶活性及细菌群落结构的影响
摘 要
稻鸭复合生态系统通过发挥稻与鸭之间的生物学和生态学功能，形成了环保节约型的稻田循环经济，以此达到稳产增收的目的。但是，作为一种利用水稻和鸭子之间的同生共长关系构建起来的立体种养复合生态系统，其往往结构复杂、土壤培肥要求高、耕作措施限制多。且田块规模过大、鸭群数量过大将严重影响水稻生长，田块过小，稻鸭复合种养效果又不明显。同时稻鸭复合种养系统内部存在着极为复杂的养分、能量流动。因此，鸭群规模的大小对于整个系统来说有重要影响。如何以培育土壤肥力和保护健康稻田环境为核心，探究稻鸭共作的最适规模，是目前亟需解决的问题。为了解决这个问题，本研究以稻鸭复合种养稻田土壤为研究对象，拟通过研究不同共作年限、不同养殖规模（1亩、3亩、5亩）对土壤肥力和微生物的影响，探索在绿色或有机稻鸭复合种养模式下达到生态效益最大化的最适规模。试验通过测定土壤理化性质的变化情况，以及土壤过氧化氢酶 、转化酶 、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶等功能酶活性和土壤细菌群落结构，以深入认识不同规模稻鸭复合种养对土壤微生物群落结构和活性的影响 。结果表明稻鸭共作模式整体对土壤理化性质、酶活性、 *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: &351916072& 
细菌群落结构均有一定提升。其中鸭群规模对土壤有机质、全氮、pH的影响较大，对酶活性的影响主要集中在碱性磷酸酶和转化酶，而对过氧化氢酶及脲酶影响不大。且往往存在最佳规模达到3亩时，相关指标达到最大。具体体现在土壤养分含量充分且平均，pH得到显著改善，相关酶活性较高，细菌群落结构丰富。同时土壤理化性质、酶活性及细菌群落结构间常存在相关性。通常养分含量较高得到田块，其微生物的数量和活性均有着较为明显的提升。因此对于稻鸭共作的最适鸭群规模，尤其是在初期转化的绿色田块，应以3亩为宜，根据耕作土壤本身的性状、养分等适当调节。
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RICE AND DUCK COCROPPING PATTERNS ON SOIL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTY ENZYME ACTIVITY AND BACTERIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
ABSTRACT
By exerting the biological and ecological functions between rice and duck, the riceduck composite ecosystem forms an environmentally friendly and economical rice paddy circular economy, so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing yield and increasing income. However, as a kind of threedimensional planting and breeding complex ecosystem constructed by the cogrowth and cogrowth relationship between rice and ducks, it often has complex structure, high requirement of soil fertilization and many restrictions of tillage measures. Moreover, the large scale of the field and the large number of ducks would seriously affect the growth of rice, while the small field would make the effect of rice and duck composite cultivation not obvious. At the same time, there are very complex nutrient and energy flows in the rice and duck hybrid breeding system. Therefore, the size of the duck colony has an important effect on the whole system. At present, it is an urgent problem to explore the optimum scale of rice duck cocropping with the focus on cultivating soil fertility and protecting healthy paddy field environment. In order to solve this problem, this study with rice duck compound planting paddy soil as the research object, proposed by studying the different total fixed number of year, different size (1 mu, 3 mu, 5 acres) influence on soil fertility and microbial, explore under the green or organic rice planting and raising mode of duck compound to achieve the optimal scale of ecological benefit maximization. By measuring the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, the activities of functional enzymes such as catalase, invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the structure of soil bacterial community, the experiment was conducted to further understand the effects of different scale rice and duck composite cultivation on the structure and activity of soil microbial community. The results showed that the cocropping pattern of rice and duck improved the soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity and bacterial community structure. Among them, the scale of duck population has a great influence on soil organic matter, total nitrogen and pH, and the influence on enzyme activity is mainly concentrated on alkaline phosphatase and invertase, but not on catalase and urease. When the optimal scale reaches 3 mu, the relative index reaches the maximum. Specifically, soil nutrient content is adequate and average, pH is significantly improved, related enzyme activity is high, and bacterial community structure is abundant. At the same time, soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity and bacterial community structure are often correlated. In general, the quantity and activity of microorganism in the field with high nutrient content were improved obviously. Therefore, the optimal size of the duck group for rice duck cocropping, especially the green field at the early stage of transformation, should be 3 mu, according to the characteristics of the cultivation soil, nutrients and other appropriate adjustments.

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