目录
摘 要 II
关键词 II
Abstract III
引言
引言 1
1 材料与方法 3
1.1 发病率和样本收集 3
1.2 单孢子分离和形态计量学表征 3
1.3 在不同培养基上真菌的径向生长 3
1.4 DNA提取，PCR扩增，测序和系统发育分析 3
1.5 致病性研究 4
1.6 色素定量 4
1.7 生理参数分析 5
1.8 统计分析 5
2 结果与分析 5
2.1 疾病发病率和症状发展 5
2.2 真菌分离物的生长和形态表征 6
2.3 序列和系统发育分析 6
2.4 真菌对茶树的致病性 7
2.5 煤烟霉菌对色素浓度和植物生理活性的影响 8
3 讨论 9
致 谢 11
参考文献 12
附录1 用于基因表达分析和真菌分离物鉴定的引物列表 13
附录2 用于本系统发育分析的菌株的GeneBank登录号 15
茶树煤烟霉病的成因以及对茶树生理活性的影响
摘 要
茶蚜Toxoptera aurantii Boyer是我国茶树的重要害虫之一，常见于全国茶区，近年来在江苏、浙江和安徽茶区危害较重。茶蚜为害茶树嫩叶和嫩梢，其排泄的蜜露会导致各种霉菌寄生，其中煤烟霉菌是重要的一种茶树叶片病，影响茶叶的产量和品质。2019年5月和6月，中国江苏省南京市温室栽培的龙井43茶品种出现了严重的煤烟霉病症状。在5000株茶树中，有70％被煤烟霉菌感染。煤烟霉菌导致成熟叶片上覆盖黑色绒状涂层。为了研究茶树叶片上煤烟霉病，从有症状的叶子上分离出真菌，根据其形态结构，以及使用真菌的ITS、ACT和EF1 α部分序列的分子分析对其真菌种类进行鉴定。分离出的真菌被鉴定为极细枝孢霉（Cladosporium tenuissimum）。通过致病性试验确定煤烟霉病的成因是茶蚜虫排泄的蜜露导致极细枝孢霉滋生。此外，本研究还扩展到对煤烟霉病对茶树生理活性的影响。我们发现，与有症状的茶叶相比 *51今日免费论文网|www.51jrft.com +Q: ^351916072* 
，对照组和恢复组（清水洗去霉菌）茶叶中的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和细胞间CO2浓度均显著更高。本研究对今后茶园中煤烟霉病的防治将起到一定参考价值。
CAUSES OF TEA SOOTY MOLD AND ITS EFFECT ON TEA PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
ABSTRACT
The tea aphid （Toxoptera aurantii Boyer） is one of the main pests of tea plants in China. It is widely distributed in Chinas tea areas. In recent years, it has been seriously damaged in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui tea areas. Tea aphids gather to harm the young leaves and shoots of tea trees, and the honeydew excreted will cause a variety of fungal parasites. Among them, sooty mold is an important tea tree leaf disease, which seriously affects the yield and quality of tea. In May and June 2019, the Longjing 43 tea varieties cultivated in a greenhouse in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, showed severe symptoms of sooty mold. Of the 5,000 tea trees, 70% are infected with sooty mold. The sooty mold caused the mature leaves to be covered with a black velvety coating. In order to study sooty mold on tea leaves, fungi were isolated from symptomatic leaves, and their fungal species were identified based on their morphological structure and molecular analysis using ITS, ACT and EF1α partial sequences of the fungi. The isolated fungus was identified as Cladosporium tenuissimum. The pathogenicity test confirmed that the cause of sooty mold was caused by the honeydew excreted by tea aphids, which caused the growth of Cladosporium tenuissimum. In addition, this study also extended to the effect of sooty mold on tea plant physiological activity. We found that the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration in the tea leaves of the control group and the recovery group (washed with mold) were significantly higher compared to symptomatic tea . This study will play a certain reference value for the prevention and control of sooty mold in tea gardens in the future.

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