目录
摘要1
关键词1
Abstract1
Key words1
引言1
1历史背景1
2文献综述1
2.1结石的定义1
2.2流行特点1
2.3结石的分类 2
2.4结石的形成2
2.4.1形成原因2
2.4.2形成不同类型结石的影响因素3
3病例4
4检查结果 4
4.1临床检查4
4.2实验室检查4
4.2.1血常规检查4
4.2.2生化检查6
4.2.3血凝两项检查6
4.2.4X线检查7
4.2.5B超检查7
4.2.6尿液检查 8
5诊疗方法8
5.1诊断方法8
5.2治疗方法8
6讨论9
6.1诊断结石9
6.2结石治疗11
7结论12
致谢14
参考文献15
犬尿结石临床病例分析
摘 要
引言
ANALYSIS OF A CLINICAL CASE OF CANINE URINARY CALCULI
ABSTRACT
urolithiasis is a common urological disease in small animals. urolithiasis is a disease formed by the crystallization of inorganic salts or organic salts in urine that condenses on any part of the urinary tract. it can stimulate the urinary tract mucosa to cause obstruction, hemorrhage and inflammation. Bladder stone in dogs is a common nutritional dis *51今日免费论文网|www.jxszl.com +Q: #351916072# 
ease in urolithiasis, which is caused by the accumulation of a large amount of mineral crystals in the bladder of dogs. It is easy to occur in female dogs and older male dogs. Its clinical features are pain, dysuria and hematuria. In recent years, the incidence of bladder stones in pet dogs is increasing day by day, and the causes of stone formation are more complex. Besides being related to objective factors (such as age, sex, breed and genetic defects), it is also related to family feeding methods, such as single food, partial diet, less exercise and other factors. In the clinical treatment of bladder stones in dogs, the more effective treatment method is surgical operation. In this paper, a poodle with bladder stones is used to analyze the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods of bladder stones in dogs, and the literature on canine urolithiasis in recent years is reviewed. The anatomical structure, physiological mechanism, epidemic characteristics, mineral composition, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and diagnosis, dissolution therapy, operation and prevention of urolithiasis are introduced. Correctly understanding the complexity and versatility of canine urolithiasis is the key to its treatment and prevention.
KEY WORDS：dogs; Bladder; Urolithiasis; vesical calculus

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