犬猫临床样本细菌培养和药敏试验结果分析
目录
摘要 1
关键词 1
Abstract. 1
引言
引言
1材料和方法 2
1.1 材料 2
1.1.1 菌种来源 2
1.1.2 培养基 2
1.1.3 抗生素 2
1.1.4仪器 2
1.2 方法 2
1.2.1 一般临床检查 2
1.2.2 实验室检查 3
1.2.3样本采集与保存 3
1.2.4细菌分离培养及鉴定 3
1.2.5药敏试验 4
1.2.6临床样本调查 5
2 结果与分析 5
2.1细菌分离培养结果 5
2.2药敏试验结果 6
3 讨论 6
3.1 细菌分离培养 6
3.2 药敏试验 7
3.3 对试验结果的影响因素及解决方法 7
3.3.1临床诊断综合判定 8
3.3.2 样本采集和运送 8
3.3.3 药敏纸片扩散法 8
4.总结 8
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致谢 9
参考文献: 9
附录 10
犬猫临床样本细菌培养和药敏试验结果分析
Analysis on the bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test result of canine and feline clinical specimens
Student majoring in veterinary medicine Hui Huang
Supervisor Bin He
Abstract Objective The Canine and feline clinical specimens bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were reviewed to provide the basis for the etiology of disease and clinical medication. Methods The thesis summarizes the methods of bacterial culture and sensitivity test for clinic specimens, collects included 65 clinic specimens from canine and feline for culture and identification during December 2014 to May 2015. The sensitivity to antibiotic of isolated strains was tested via Kirby Bauer diffusion method. Results 50 strains of pathogenic bacteria from 9 species were isolated, the highest positive rate of culture result is from skin infection and ear discharge samples(83.3%, 75.0% respectively). Urine samples isolated various species(7species); staphylococcus (23 strains), e. coli (5 strains), pseudomonas (5 strains), micrococcus (5 strains) are the most common; Sensitivity test result shows the strains isolated from urine samples are sensitive to Marbofloxacin (61.5%), Ceftiofur(53.8%), Ceftriaxone(53.8%), chloramphenicol(46.2%), strains isolated from ear discharge samples are sensitive to Amoxicillinclavulanate(70.6%), Marbofloxacin(70.6%), Ceftiofur(68.8%), Ceftriaxone(64.7%), Fucidin(64.7%). Conclusions The thesis concludes clinical common pathogenic bacteria and sensitive antibiotic by investigating the culture and sensitivity results, and the effect of clinic treatment and safety of clinical medication could be improved with rational use of antibiotics.
Key words: Pathogenic bacteria; Antimicrobial susceptibility test; Clinical medication
引言
细菌病是犬、猫最为常见的疾病之一,而抗菌药疗效显著且使用方便,是临床治疗细菌病的最佳选择。随着医药研发技术的发展和抗菌药物在动物临床的广泛使用,导致耐药菌株大量增加,抗感染治疗复杂化。如何正确、科学使用抗生素,提高疾病疗效,延长抗生素的使用寿命成为目前的重要命题。因此,临床诊疗过程中,利用实验室进行细菌分离鉴定,以确定致病菌及病因,再以药敏试验对抗菌药物的临床治疗效果进行预测,查出敏感药物指导临床用药,以提高治疗效果。在感染病程复杂的临床病例,包括病因不明而又危及生命的严重感染;单一抗菌药不能有效控制的混合感染及严重感染;长期治疗、细菌易产生耐药性的慢性感染;一般抗菌药不易透入病灶的感染;毒性较大,联合用药减少剂量后可降低毒副反应的抗菌药等情况,必须进行细菌培养和药敏实验指导抗菌药的使用。
临床治疗一般根据病原菌种类及药敏结果选用抗菌药物,但兽医临床许多病例,尤其是危重病例在获知病原菌和药敏结果前,往往根据患病动物的发病情况、感染部位、症状等推断,优先给予抗菌药物经验治疗。同时,细菌对抗生素的敏感性不是固定不变的,任何一种抗生素在使用过程中都可产生耐药性,经验用药也需不断调整。因此实验室应定期整理总结,向临床医生提供检出的各类常见病原菌、细菌总体耐药率和发展趋势,以提高经验治疗的疗效,减少抗菌药物的盲目应用。因兽医临床病例往往在药敏试验结果出来之前就已开始选择用药,待药敏试验报告出来后再作调整,故定期调查总结耐药菌监测状况对指导临床合理用药十分有利。
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