过渡金属负载炭基材料活化过硫酸盐降解水中有机污染物【字数:13992】
目录
摘要Ⅰ
关键词Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
引言
1引言1
2高级氧化技术1
2.1基于过硫酸盐的高级氧化技术 2
2.2金属/过硫酸盐体系 3
2.2.1均相过渡金属离子/过硫酸盐体系3
2.2.2非均相金属及其氧化物/过硫酸盐体系3
2.3非均相碳基复合材料/过硫酸盐体系 4
2.3.1活性炭4
2.3.2石墨烯4
2.3.3生物质炭5
2.3.4碳纳米管6
3过渡金属负载炭催化剂的合成方法6
3.1浸渍热解法6
3.2共沉淀法6
3.3还原共沉积法7
3.4水热碳化法7
4不同过渡金属负载炭催化剂的环境应用7
4.1过渡金属负载活性炭7
4.2过渡金属负载石墨烯8
4.3过渡金属负载生物质炭9
4.4过渡金属负载碳纳米管10
5结论与展望11
致谢11
参考文献12
过渡金属负载炭基材料活化过硫酸盐降解水中有机污染物
TRANSITION METAL LOADED CARBONBASED MATERIALS FOR PERSULFATE *51今日免费论文网|www.jxszl.com +Q: ^351916072^
ACTIVATION TO DEGRADE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER
Student majoring in environmental engineering Chunyu Du
Tutor Dahu Ding
ABSTRACT: Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) which is based on persulfate has attracted considerable attentions due to the effective degradation of organic contaminants such as antibiotics and dyes in wastewater. The common carbon catalysts used in persulfate activation include activated carbon, biochar and other carbon nanomaterials. However, the limited active sites on the surface of the pristine carbon materials led to obvious catalytic bottlenecks. Heterogeneous transition metalloaded carbonaceous materials can augment the specific surface area of carbon materials and increase the active sites, which could not only enhance the catalytic performance of carbonbased catalysts, but also effectively reduce secondary pollution caused by metal ion leaching, therefore they are environmentally friendly and efficient catalysts. This paper summarizes the relevant research on the four kinds of carbon materials (activated carbon, graphene, biochar and carbon nanotubes) for persulfate activation to degrade organic contaminants, and introduces the synthesis method of blending transition metals into carbonbased materials. The application of these four main metaldoped carbonbased catalysts in the environmental field is summarized, and the activation mechanism is briefly described. Finally, it points out the shortcomings in the current research and make it possible for transition metalloaded carbon catalysts to be used in practical sewage treatment.
KEY WORDS: Advanced oxygen process; Persulfate; Metalloaded; Carbonaceous catalyst; Organic contaminants
引言
随着社会的快速发展,废水中有机污染物的聚集会对生态系统和人类健康造成威胁。各种方法已被报道用来去除废水中的有机污染物,如吸附,生物降解,光催化降解,高级氧化工艺和声化学工艺。然而,如何开发简单、安全、高效的废水处理方法仍是一个挑战。高级氧化工艺可以通过产生大量活性氧物种,将有毒有害且难以降解的污染物质转化为低毒或者无毒的产物,因此引起了研究者们的重视[1]。近年来,基于过硫酸盐的高级氧化工艺在处理难降解有机污染物方面展示出巨大优势[2]。过硫酸盐(PS)包括过一硫酸盐(PMS)和过二硫酸盐(PDS)。与传统芬顿工艺中使用的H2O2氧化剂相比,过硫酸盐的优势十分明显,过硫酸盐固体性质稳定使得其更易于保存以及运输,同时成本也较为低廉,最重要的是过硫酸盐活化过程中可产生氧化还原电位更高的SO4•(2.53.1v),使得过硫酸盐在有机污染物治理方面具有更为广阔的应用前景[35]。由于过硫酸盐在室温下具有良好的稳定性,所以单独使用过硫酸盐很难产生活性氧物种,难以降解有机物,因此需要对过硫酸盐进行活化[6]。迄今为止,已报道的过硫酸盐活化方法包括热处理、紫外线照射、微波处理和超声处理,然而这些物理活化方法需要消耗大量能量,限制了其规模化应用[7]。在近些年,研究者们发现过渡金属可以十分高效的活化过硫酸盐产生活性氧物种。其中,过渡金属(铁、钴、镍等)具有经济成本低、效率高等优点,然而在反应过程之中,因金属离子浸出而导致的二次污染问题必须高度重视。例如,钴离子可以高效活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基[8],但是钴基催化剂在活化过程中不可避免地发生了钴离子浸出现象[9, 10]。如何在不影响催化活性的基础上减少金属浸出是一个亟待解决的关键问题。
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